Part of my works...Adjective

ADJ FAMILY

The Most Complete Database Ever

1. Adjective 形容詞單字
   
   1. 形容詞的位置
      
      1. before a noun 至於名詞之前 (attributive adjective)
         ex: Many shop owners run business their own way.
      2. after be verb 至於be動詞之後
         ex: Most refugees were alive and recsued.
      3. after linking verb至於連綴動詞之後
         ex: The hotel room looks luxurious.
      4. 以下四個形容為後位形容詞：
         alive, alike, awake, aware
         ex: The two versions of the text are alike in many ways.
         ex: “Lord Voldmore will soon return from the underworld, much too alive.” (from Harry Potter – The Chamber of Secrets)
         ex: Mulfoy, staying awake, dreamed about his future bride, a forty-year-old princess.
         Being aware of the catastrophe about to occur, FBI and CIA agents for the first time work together figuring out how to prevent it from happening, regardless the risk and cost.

2. 形容詞的排序 (閱讀、寫作時的依據)
   1. 排序依據：愈接近所修飾名詞本質的形容詞，愈接近其所修飾的名詞
      ex: a flowery iron vase ㄧ個以花朵圖案裝飾的鐵製花瓶
      an iron flower vase ㄧ個鐵製的花瓶
   2. 排序實例：請參考圖一 Adjective Order
      
3. 常見的形容詞字尾 (斜體字為必考字彙)
   1. –able可...的、能夠...的 applicable可提供的 profitable 有利可圖的, dependable可靠的, reliable可靠的, payable應付的, receivable應收的
   2. –al  national國家的, rational, international國際的, manual手工的, annual年度的, electrical電機的
   3. –ful充滿...的  beautiful美麗的, healthful對健康有益的, successful成功的, painful痛苦的, wasteful浪費的
   4. – ible可...的  accessible可使用的, impossible不可能的
   5. – ic  electric電的, authentic, synthenic, electronic電子的
   6. - ish  selfish自私的, greenish帶有綠色的, stylish很有格調的
   7. - ive  active主動的, passive被動的, successive連續的, impressive令人印象深刻的,
   8. – less  priceless無價的, useless沒用的, flawless零缺點的, countless數不盡的,
   9. - ly  daily每天的, weekly每週的, monthly每月的, yearly每年的, costly昂貴的
   10. - ous  dangerous危險的, curious好奇的, monentous重大的, mysterious神秘的
   11. - some  lonesome孤單的, handsome英俊的；可觀的, troublesome有麻煩的
   12. - ular  angular尖銳的, singular單身的, popular人氣旺的, regular定時的, irregular不定時的
   13. - y  dirty, happy, angry, choosy挑剔的, picky挑剔的, ready
4. 另類的形容詞 nouns as adjectives
   – 名詞修飾名詞 （強調某物的本質、功能、特性）
   the flower vase, the beauty salon, the history teacher
   the wood house
5. 形容詞的修飾
   1. 原級的修飾
      所有程度副詞皆可
      ex: The productivity of this season seems very satisfactory.
      ex: The outcome of the calculation is truly convincing.
      ex: Far and away more rapidly it does, the economic growth this year has proved our strategies’ being tremendously efficient.
   2. 比較級的修飾
      用much, far, even, still修飾
      ex: The productivity of this season seems far more satisfactory than that of last season.
      ex: Far more what you can imagine, the cosmos consists of trillions of planets, solars, and galazies.
   3. 最高級的修飾
      用much, far, by far 修飾
      ex: Among the six episodes of Star Wars, Episode IV – “A New Hope” is by far the most shocking and amazing one, whereas Episode I – “Manince Phatom” (1999) , which I saw in Hudson, Wisconsin, contains the most “martial arts” (the Sith – Darth Maul possesses high-quality fighting skills using a two-headed laser sword “;The fighting was awesome,” said my roommate, Joshiwa, while watching Episode IV in Prucha Hall.)在星戰系列中，以四部曲最令人驚豔。而一部曲票選為最佳「武術劇作」（該片敵方主角Darth Maul，手持雙刃lazer sword，力抗兩名Judi knights）
      Note: 長句示範：一句話可長達60個字。

2. Comparison of Adjective 形容詞的比較
   
   1. 限定範圍或不限定範圍的比較 （多益考試之題型）
       不限定
      In most cases, male office workers are more durable than any female office worker.
      In most cases, male of fice workers are more durable than all female office workers. 限定範圍
      In our Madrid office, male office workers are more durable than any other female office worker.In our Madrid office, male office workers are more durable than all the other female office workers.
      
      
   2. 同類相比 （升大、插大、研究所考試之題型）
      
      ex: My Spanish speaking is more fluent than yours. ()
      同是語言能力
      My Spanish speaking is more fluent than you. () 言能力不可和人相比
      ex: The climate in Florida is much milder than that in Minnesota. ()
      The climate in Florida is much milder than Minnesota. ()
      ex: The benefits in this month are even more
      than those in last month. ()
      The benefits in this month are even more
      than in last month. ()
      ex: The popularity of Jacky Zhou’s newly-releazed album has been dominating the market much more critically than all other pop music singers at his age. (請問這句話對或錯？理由為何？)
      The fame of Jacky Wu got him the title “Local King” as it sounds even closer to countryside than any other News headliner.
      (請問這句話對或錯？理由為何？)
   3. 倍數表達法 (托褔考試、GRE、GMAT 之題型)
      1. 數詞＋times＋as＋ adj./adv.＋noun＋as
         The Rocky Mountain News carried four times as many news stories as the New Your Times (did).洛磯山脈時報所刊載的新聞數量是紐約時報四倍。
      2. 數詞＋times＋more＋adj./adv.＋noun＋than
         ex: The Rocky Mount News carried four times more news stories than the New York Times. 洛磯山脈時報所刊載的新聞數量是紐約時報的（正好）四倍。
         ex: Smokers are three times more likely than lifetime nonsmokers to develop Alzheimer’s disease.
         **ex: The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restriced in the early 1970’s. ( GMAT模擬考題)
      3. 數詞＋times＋the noun of … that
         The Rocky Mountain News carried four times the number of news stories that the New York Times did.
         Females have four times the capability of nursing that males do.
         Hollywood has generated over tne times the annual profits that all other business filds have.
         The movie “Fearless” got Jet Li, aged fory-two, which is the age as Huo Yuan Jia’s death, hundred’s of times the fame and wealth compared to his other motion pieces, “Lethal Weapon IV,” “Romio Must Die,” to illustrate.
      4. 數詞＋times＋所有格＋noun
         A flea can jump seventy times its own height.
         A mosquito can suck ten times its own weight.
         The little boy can lift five times his own weight.
         A shrew eats three times its own weight daily.
      5. more than 數詞＋times＋as＋adj./adv...
         A Roisroys can run more than twice as rapid as a Chrysler can.
         A Ferrari engin possesses more than three times’ horse power as much as a Nisson does.
      6. 無比較級的形容詞: 表 “絕對觀念”的形容詞
         colors, shapes, living, alive, dead, unique, the same, identical相同的, different, open, close, empty, full, vacant空著的, occupied被佔用的
         
   4. 慣用語:
      1. The adj+er….the adj.+ er 愈、、、就愈、、、。
         ex: The less our payroll cost, the better we can remain competitive.
      2. No sooner than… ㄧ、、、就、、、。
         ex: No sooner than my sitting down by her, the high school girl escaped with fear, perhaps for my Zeus-like face.
      3. Adj.+er and Adj. +er 愈來愈、、、。
         ex: More and more raw material suppliers are raising the price of
         delivery.
   5. 比較級的變化型
      A is not as adj. as B.
      A is not so adj. as B.
   6. 最高級的句型
      A is the most adj. that sb. have/has ever V-pp.在某人所有曾經擁有的經驗、印象中，A是最、、的。
      ex: Shu-Jun is the easiest girl I ever have sexual intercourse with.
      ex: London City is the best place I have ever been, compared to Hudson, Mulwakee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Venice, Milan, Rome, and Tokyo.
      Note 看到has/ have +ever, 選擇最高級

3. Adjective Clause形容詞子句

1. Combine these two sentences into one:

1. T he boy works in a parking lot.
   We met the boy last night.
   
   
   
   
   We met the boy who works in a parking lot last night.(X) Last night we met the boy who works in a parking lot. (O) We met the boy last night who works in a parking lot.(O)
   
   

Note: The adj. clause can sometimes be separated from its antecedent.在某些特殊情況下，為了文章的連貫發性，形容詞子句可與先行詞分開。

2. Relatives關係代名詞的種類
   

Relative pron. 關係代名詞 Relative pron. 關係代名詞	= conj. + pron. who/ which/ that = conj. + pron. but/ that/ as
Relative adverb 關係副詞	= conj. + adv. when/ where/ why/ how
Compound relative pron. 複合關係代名詞	= noun+rel.+ pron. = noun +conj.+ pron. whoever/whichever/ what(ever)

Practice:

1. Confucius is the name_________ we look upon as most.
   (a) that (b) whom (c) which (d) who
2. I love the pretty girl _________ mother is president of IBM.
   (a) who (b) whom (c) whose (d) that
3. I lady which I talked to last week was interested in the
   a b c

progress of my newest work.
d

Here is the trick! (1) Find the noun (2) Analyze the sentence (3) lack of ? case, give ? case

3. Table of relative pronoun

case antecedent	S.主格	Poss.受格	O.所有格
Sb.人	who	whose+noun	whom
Sth.事或物	which	(the) noun of which	which
Sb. or sth.皆可	that		that

Tense 形容詞子句中的時態

ex: Mr. Lin, who is/was/ will be a governor, said on the phone that he would call you back.
Note: The verb tense of an adjective clause is not affected by the tense of the main clause.
形容詞子句的動詞時態，完全不受主要子句的影響。

Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses

The man who lives in Taipei will see you next week.

1. G eorge Bush, who lives in the Whitehouse, will visit Taiwan next week.
   Note:
   
   

“BUT, THAN, AS” as relative pronouns

“but” as a relative pronoun

antecedent先行詞必須是否定式

1. but 本身,表示否定
2. = not + that
3. 只作S.& O.
   ex. There is no rule but has exception. = There is no rule that has no exception.
   

“than” as a relative pronoun

antecedent 先行詞本身是比較級

1. than 本身,表示比較
2. 只做.S. & O.
   ex. The blood center needs more blood than we donated.
   
   

“as” as a relative pron.

antecedent 之前須有 “such, not so, the same, as”

1. 表示 ‘相似,相像, 如同’

只做.S. & O.
ex. He knows the same woman that his boss does.
= He knows the same woman whom his boss does.
= He knows the same woman as his boss does.
ex. He does not have so much money as his boss does.

關係代名詞 ‘THAT’的用法

That本身可當 (a) 指事代名詞 (b) 指事形容詞 (c) 副詞
(d) 關係代名詞

下列情況下，必用’that’:（張無忌遇到明教五行旗）

先行詞前有所有格

ex: This is my new computer that I bought one year ago.

先行詞前有序數或最高級

ex: Columbus was the first man that discovered the
continent of America.
ex: This is the most ridiculous excuse that I have ever
heard.

先行詞前有 the only, the very, the same,
all, no, any , every

ex: Henry XIII was the only king that dared to disobey
the Pope.
ex: This is the very encyclopedia that I have been looking
for.
ex: He has lost all the opportunities that he once had.
ex: No man that knows her will trust her.

為避免與疑問詞重複

ex: Who was the visitor that dropped by last Saturday?
ex:Which is the magazine that is published by the Cave
Store?

在 it is…that的強調句型中
ex: It is not her pretty looks but her tenderness that touches me.
ex: It is the interaction among people that is the main focus of this
workshop.

下列情形，不可用 ‘that’:（東方不敗遇到林青霞和徐克）

“that” 前面不可有逗號
ex: My teacher , who went to Tokyo last summer teaches
math.

“that”前面不可有介係詞
ex: The senator wonders to whom he should speak before the next

election.
ex: That is the mansion in which I spent my whole Christmas.
ex: Acculturation is a process by which the decendants learn skills
from the antecedents.

Relative Adverb關係副詞

由 prep.+which變化而來

The table of relative adverb:

Rel. Antecedent	Prep. + which	Rel. adv.
time時間	in/at/during + which	when
place地點	on/ in/ at + which	where
reason原因	for+ which	why
means方法或手段	with/through/by+ which	how

Practice

Prof. Lin told us the time ____________ he will give us the final exam.

1. However, he forgot to tell us the classroom ___________
   the final would take place.
2. Can you explain the reason______________ he will have the final?
3. Could you show me the skill______________ we can get high marks on the final?

Compound Relative Pronoun複合關代

Table of compound relative pronoun (and compound relative adverb, also, which students will encounter on TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, and SAT tests)

case meaning	S.	Poss.	O.
任何…的人	Whoever= Anybody who		Whomever= anybody whom
任何…事,物	What(ever)=anything which		What(ever)=anything which
任何...地方	Wherever= Any place where
任何...時間	Whenever= Anytime when
任何...情況	However= Anyway how

1. Ex.

1. _____________will marry me is welcomed.
2. ____________wants to join us is welcomed
3. I will check ____________ you once talked to.
4. Are you willing to do _____________is to my fancy?
5. You can choose______________ you like.
6. ______________ suspects hide, the sharp-sensed inspector can always trace him and the police arrest him.
7. You can just leave ____________ necessary, as long as to you tell me first.
8. _____________ the republicants tried to uncover Geroge W. Bush’s fares, he still possesses the majority of votes in the west coast.

Adjectives—Practices模擬習題

1. “Who are these visitors?”
   “They are all _________ I think.”
   1. mathematics student
   2. mathematic student
   3. mathematics students
   4. students of the mathematics
2. “Rex, are you moving to somewhere?” “Yes, into a __________.”
   1. two-story house
   2. house of two story
   3. two-stories house
   4. house two stories
3. ________ fame brought author Edith Wharton honors and opportunities to travel.
   1. literature
   2. literate (having good knowedge of literature)
   3. literally
   4. literal (understanding words in a basic way, not showing much imaginaiton)
4. Today flint (打火石) has ________ importance as an industrial product.
   1. small
   2. little
   3. a few
   4. few
5. ________ farming is carried on in all parts of the U.S.
   1. Dairy
   2. Diary
   3. Diet
   4. Daring
6. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree ________ because it can teach them a great deal about many matters.
   1. alive
   2. lively
   3. living
   4. lived
7. The jet stream is a narrow current of________.
   1. air fast-flowing
   2. air is flowing fast
   3. fast-flowing air
   4. air flows fast
8. Some antibiotics (= drugs) used in the treatment of human disease are ________ only in that they are obtained.
   1. alike
   2. likely
   3. lively
   4. alive
9. Steam boilers in terminal factories may be _____ high as a fourteen-story building.
   1. so
   2. as
   3. very
   4. really
10. The tides of the Indian Ocean vary greatly, but not ____ much as those in the Atlantic or Pacific.
    1. so
    2. as
    3. very
    4. really
11. Today’s libraries differ greatly from__________.
    1. the past
    2. those of the past
    3. that are past
    4. those past
12. Is the climate of Italy___________?
    1. somewhat like florida
    2. somewhat similar to florida
    3. something like florida
    4. somewhat like that of florida
13. The grain of rye is longer and ________ than that of wheat.
    1. slender
    2. slenderer
    3. much slender
    4. slend
14. “Do you regret paying fifty dollars for it?”
    “No, I’d gladly pay________ for it.”
    1. twice as much
    2. three times of the amount
    3. the price twice
    4. as much three times
15. The more you fool around,__________.
    1. in the less you will gain
    2. to the less you will gain
    3. the less you will gain
    4. you will gain less
16. Northwest Airlines handles more flights and mails than ________ airlines in the U.S.A.
    1. any other
    2. others
    3. other
    4. the other
17. The number of _________species every year as natural habitats disappear.
    1. dangerous
    2. endangering
    3. endangered
    4. danger
18. The songs of Bob Dylan are very popular among young people________ him as much superior to other singers.
    1. whose
    2. who regard
    3. regarded
    4. whom
19. Nobody speaks more clearly than______, but his writing is frequently difficult to understand.
    1. him
    2. he is
    3. he does
    4. his
20. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than________ eastern Nebraska.
    1. does
    2. in
    3. it does in
    4. in it does
21. “Where are the ________ hats?”
    1. women’s
    2. women
    3. womens
    4. woman
22. Do you like the Chinese food______ in American restaurants?
    1. serve
    2. serves
    3. serving
    4. served
23. “Do you have much work to do this weekend?”
    “I have to write a _______ report.”
    1. two-thousand-word
    2. two-thousands-words
    3. two-thousand-words
    4. two thousand words
24. General Arthur,_______ arms were badly injured at WWI, became a hero in the history.
    1. that
    2. whose
    3. for whom
    4. of which
25. Most crocodiles will eat________they can capture and overpower.
    1. who
    2. which
    3. anything which
    4. which anything
26. Teacher John told us the time ________ the exam would be held.
    1. which
    2. when
    3. which on
    4. on
27. The thyroid gland (分泌荷爾蒙的腺體),_____________________, is located in the neck.【托福】
    1. where the hormone thyroxine is produced
    2. where produced is the hormone thyroxine
    3. the hormone thyroxine is produced there
    4. at which is produced the hormone thyroxine
28. Dragonflies feed on a large variety of insects,_________catch in flight.【托福】
    1. in witch they
    2. which they
    3. there are to
    4. there are a
29. According to legend, Betsy Ross ws the woman_________the first American stars and stripes flag.【托福】
    1. whom she made
    2. made
    3. who made
    4. and she made
30. Pumpkin seeds,________protein and iron, are a popular snack.【托福】
    1. that
    2. provide
    3. which
    4. which provide
31. The spinal cord (脊髓) is a long, thick bundle (group) of nerves________from the brain to the lower part of the back.【托福】
    1. that runs
    2. is running
    3. it runs
    4. whom is runs
32. George Pullman introduced a dining car________its own kitchen in 1868.【托福】
    1. it had
    2. that hat
    3. that it had
    4. that has
33. in 1898,___________pharmacologist(醫藥學家), John H. Abel, isolated (separate) the hormone from adrenaline (腎上腺素).【托福】
    1. an American who
    2. who, an American
    3. an American
    4. he was an American
34. Nitorgen gas,____________up about 78 percent of our atmosphere, is constantly being used by animals and plants.【托福】
    1. which it makes
    2. it makes
    3. makes
    4. which makes
35. Paper is made from cellulose (細胞壁) fibers,_____________in all cells.【托福】
    1. are
    2. which are
    3. they are
    4. which they are
36. Quinine,_________once used to cure malaria (登革熱), was taken form the bark of a South American tree, the cinchona.
    1. is a famous drug【托福】
    2. that is a famous drug
    3. a famous drug
    4. which is a famous drug
37. Billie Holiday,___________unique singing style made her famous, was also know as Lady Day.【托福】
    1. that
    2. whom
    3. who
    4. whose
38. Venus is perpetually covered by thick, opaque (阻礙光線的) clouds_______the planet’s surface from view.【托福】
    1. that they shield
    2. the shield is
    3. that shield
    4. they shield
39. All_______ is a continuous supply of fuel oil.【89台大】
    1. what is needed
    2. the thing needed
    3. that is needed
    4. for their needs
40. It is considered that the moon contains all the elements found on the earth including________________.【托福】
    1. those required to generate nuclear energy
    2. they that are necessary for the generation of nuclear energy
    3. elements for generating of neclear energy
    4. those are required for the generation of nuclear enery
41. A hinge (玄關) joint is________permits the forward and backward movement of a door.【托福】
    1. the
    2. what
    3. those
    4. whose
42. The behavior of gases is explained by________the kinetic (力學的) theory.【托福】
    1. scientists that call
    2. scientists who to call
    3. which to call scientists
    4. what scientists call
43. ________protects copper from damage is its patina, a greenish surface film.【86銘傳】
    1. There
    2. That
    3. Which
    4. What
44. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of________
    reality.【托福】
    1. what it is conceived
    2. that is conceived
    3. that is being conceived
    4. what is conceived to be
45. There is construction work ahead, thus_______ the traffic jam.【86台大】
    1. causes
    2. to cause
    3. causing
    4. caused
46. _________ writes the best essay will win a scholarship of 1,000 dollars.【83二技】
    1. Whose
    2. That
    3. Whoever
    4. Whomever
47. Author Edith Wharton thoroughly understood the society________she was raised up.【托福】
    1. who
    2. at which
    3. whose
    4. where
48. A majority of people in the United States can get all the calcium their bodies________ from the food they eat.【托福】
    1. to requrie
    2. require
    3. requiring
    4. require
49. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest________ on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.【88台大】
    1. earn
    2. earned
    3. to earn
    4. was earned
50. __________brings about happiness has utility, in accordance with the doctrine of utilitarianism.【80成大研究所】
    1. Whatever
    2. It
    3. Who
    4. Each
51. The knee is the joint_______ the thigh bone (femur 大腿骨) meets the large bone of the lower leg.【托福】
    1. when
    2. where
    3. why
    4. which
52. An old lady saw Tom and realized that he was the little boy__________.【85政大】
    1. that the police were searching for
    2. that the police was searching
    3. who was sought at by the police
    4. who was seeking by the police
53. From time to time we must look up words___________.【87政大】
    1. whose meanings we do not know
    2. whose meanings we are not familiar
    3. meanings of which we do not know
    4. we do not know their meanings
54. The factory in which they worked was huge, and _____________was a tennis court.【86政大】
    1. central part of which
    2. the central part of which
    3. the central part for which
    4. the central part
55. Advertisng________little or not factual information yet attempts to make the brand name well known actually restricts comsumers’ free choices.【85清大】
    1. that provides
    2. is provided
    3. providing
    4. is providing
56. An attnorney representing five store owners__________preparing to use the city for negligence and economic harassment.【86成大】
    1. is
    2. are
    3. who is
    4. who are
57. A biologist does not merely describe organisms (有機體), but tries to learn_________act【托福】
    1. what cause them to
    2. causes them to what
    3. what to cause them
    4. what cause to them
58. Aesop’s fables (伊索寓言),_________animals act like beings, are famous for the moral lessons they teach.【91政大】
    1. which
    2. that
    3. of which
    4. in which
59. In our galaxy, there are about 200 billion stars and a small fraction________
    probably have water.【91台大】
    1. which
    2. in which
    3. of which
    4. from which
60. A nation’s merchant marine is made up of its commercial ships and the personnel_______________.【91淡大】
    1. they operate
    2. who operate them
    3. they operate whom
    4. who do they operate
61. This is truly _________ story I have ever heard.
    1. a good
    2. a best
    3. a better
    4. the best
62. This new version of the blueprint is ________________.
    1. very good than the old version
    2. very better than the old version
    3. much better than the old version
    4. much the best than the old version
63. You can get ____________ you need in on-stop shopping centers.
    1. that
    2. whatever
    3. anything who
    4. anybody who

Answer Key

C	A	B	B	A	A	C
A	B	B	B	D	B	A
C	A	C	B	C	A	A
D	A	B	A	B	A	B
C	D	A	B	C	D	B
C	D	C	C	A	B	D
D	D	C	C	D	D	B
A	B	A	A	B	D	A
A	D	C	B	D	C	B